附註:Includes bibliographical references (pages 84-114).
I. Introduction -- II. Initiatives Conducive to a Corruption-Free Environment -- A Preventive Approach. Indirect Technique. Direct Technique -- III. Legal Framework to Combat Corruption -- A Curative Approach. Investigation of Corruption. Judicial Process. Corruption Redefined -- IV. International Efforts Against Corruption. U.N. Efforts. Regional Efforts. Efforts at the Nongovernmental Level -- V. Conclusion.
摘要:This study distinguishes between preventive and curative measures, and between direct and indirect ways to fight corruption. In this context, it examines the national laws relative to financial management, campaign finance, and procurement, and explores codes of conduct, national commitment and leadership codes, as well as provisions dealing with freedom of information and declarative of assets. The study also discusses how corruption is investigated and reviews anti-corruption legislation, sanctions and penalties, using examples of best practice from several jurisdictions. It looks at the evolving definition of money laundering and the special rules of evidence that have been used to facilitate the investigation and prosecution of corruption charges. It contrasts global initiatives with regional efforts. Common themes, varying perspectives, and the parallels between national and international laws are highlighted.
