附註:Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-41).
Ch. 1. Introduction. Destroying myths about modern agriculture. Harnessing and managing biodiversity. Rationale. Conceptual approach -- Ch. 2. Promising signposts to sustainable intensification. Intensification of dairy farming in Uruguay. Adjustments to farming practices in response to rapid population growth in southeastern Nigeria. Home gardens in Mexico and the Amazon: a pantropical cornucopia. Oil palm in Malaysia and the Amazon. Upholding intensive rice-wheat farming on the Indo-Gangetic plain. Soybean on India's black cotton soils: filling a vacant niche with a new crop. Agricultural intensification through fallow reduction in Anatolia, Turkey. INTERFISH and NOPEST Projects in Bangladesh -- Ch. 3. Sound practices at the farm and community levels. Entry points for promoting sound practices at the farm level -- Ch. 4. Sound practices at the landscape level. Promote a balanced mix of land use systems. Minimize off-site impacts. Conduct rapid agrobiodiversity surveys in advance of agricultural projects. Monitor agricultural projects for impacts on biodiversity. Expand the scope of parks and reserves to include agrobiodiversity -- Ch. 5. Strengthening institutions and technology delivery. Agricultural research: elements of the emerging paradigm. Training and extension. Quarantine: forgotten link in sharing biodiversity resources -- Ch. 6. Fine-tuning fiscal and regulatory environments. Tap market opportunities and employ specially targeted credit programs. Trade and intellectual property rights -- Ch. 7. World Bank's role and leverage. Country assistance strategies. Economic and sectoral reviews. Agricultural and rural development projects. Environmental assessments. National environmental action plans. National biodiversity strategy and action plans. Environmental adjustment loans. Policy dialogue -- Ch. 8. Toward implementation.
摘要:Agrobiodiversity - biological resources that directly and indirectly contribute to crop and livestock production - is arguably the single most important natural resource in worldwide efforts to intensify agriculture while protecting the environment. Agrobiodiversity is key to transforming agricultural systems that are currently wreaking havoc on wildlife and human health and is also essential to boosting yields to satisfy the world's growing appetite for food, fiber, and other crop and livestock products. This report highlights case studies in which modern and traditional agriculture have been successfully transformed to enhance biodiversity without sacrificing yield. Lessons learned from this review help identify sound practices for designing and monitoring agricultural projects so that they improve rural incomes while safeguarding environmental assets, particularly biodiversity. The successful protection and deployment of biodiversity hinges on a favorable policy environment and on agricultural research and extension activities that stress farmer participation and greater sensitivity to the off-site impacts of agriculture. Suggestions for sound practices, therefore, include modification of the policy environment, and ways to strengthen research institutions and extension services so that agriculture can be intensified while better protecting and managing biological resources.
