附註:Includes bibliographical references (pages 187-189) and index.
Preface -- Part One: The theory and practice of moral reasoning -- Chapter 1: Moral reasoning -- Survey of moral reasoning -- Thoughts -- Reasoning -- Moral reasoning -- How much moral reasoning should we do? -- Framework questions -- Ethical framework questions -- Ethics, the study of framework questions -- Chapter 2: Are answers possible? -- Grounds of moral skepticism -- The first ground: disagreement -- The second ground: intractability -- Summing up -- Sources of the impression -- A first source to the impression: difficulty -- A second source: tied verdicts -- A third source: emotional involvement -- Practical implications -- Chapter 3: Sound moral arguments -- Moral arguments -- Patterns of arguments -- Real-life arguments -- The strength of arguments -- Evaluating arguments -- A standard procedure -- From the argument into the issue.
Chapter 4: Analysis and charity -- Twin instruments of truth -- The principle of charity -- Illustrations -- A fatal configuration -- Arguments for analysis -- Selling homework -- Organ transplants -- A-bombing -- Lying -- Abortion -- Smoking -- Artificial contraception -- Suicide -- Extramarital sex -- Part Two: Arguments and issues -- Chapter 5: Rival approaches -- Arguments for analysis and evaluation -- Truman's decision to use the atomic bomb -- Hiroshima and Nagasaki -- Euthanasia -- Warfare -- Self-defense -- Contraception -- Helpfulness -- Truthfulness -- Background remarks -- A sample derivation -- Not just consequences -- Application -- A sample confrontation -- Other rivals -- Further reading -- Sample analysis-evaluation: #5 (self-defense).
Chapter 6: Universal norms -- Arguments for analysis and evaluation -- Adultery -- War -- Abortion -- Informed consent -- Smoking -- Family head -- Divorce -- Confidentiality -- Background remarks -- Analytic or synthetic -- Positive or negative -- Summary or supplementary -- Actual or possible -- Summing up -- Further reading -- Sample analysis-evaluation: #7 (Divorce) -- Chapter 7: rules of preference -- Arguments for analysis and evaluation -- Aiding the needy -- Honesty in business -- Graft -- Freer trade -- Immigration -- Dying that others may live -- Guaranteed annual income -- For foreign aid -- Against foreign aid -- Background remarks -- Further reading -- Sample analysis-evaluation: #5 (Immigration).
Chapter 8: Morality and law -- Legislation -- Arguments for analysis and evaluation -- Legalizing hard drugs -- Seat belts -- Abortion -- Prostitution -- Euthanasia -- Nudism -- Pornography -- -- Background remarks -- Mill's rule -- Mill's grounds -- Alternative guidelines -- Further reading -- Sample evaluation, of a law from argument 1 -- Obedience -- Arguments for analysis and evaluation -- Charity versus the law -- Car theft -- Abortion -- Illegal demonstrations -- Student sit-ins -- Protesting injustice -- Symbolic disobedience -- Background remarks -- Further reading -- Sample evaluation, applying the three conditions to argument 8 -- Retrospect -- Appendix A: Further arguments and issues -- Arguments for analysis and evaluation -- Prisons -- Animals' rights -- Reverse discrimination -- Nuclear freeze -- Police and firefighters' strikes -- Democratizing management -- Education -- Capital punishment -- Homosexuality -- Parents and children -- Appendix B: Value-balancing -- Notes.
