附註:Includes bibliographical references (pages 187-240) and index.
Cover -- Table of Contents -- FOREWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION -- 1. NICOTINE ADDICTION: FACT OR THEORY? -- 2. WHAT THIS BOOK IS NOT ABOUT -- 3. WHAT THIS BOOK IS ABOUT, AND WHO CARES? -- 4. AN OUTLINE OF THE BOOK -- CHAPTER 2: ADDICTION, COMPULSION, AND HABIT -- 1. PHARMACOLOGICAL DEFINITIONS OF ADDICTION -- 2. BEHAVIOR DEFINITIONS OF ADDICTION -- 3. THE 1993 WHO DEFINITION OF DRUG DEPENDENCE -- 4. THE NATURE OF HABITS -- 5. COMPULSIONS -- 6. HABIT CRAVING, WITHDRAWAL, AND RELAPSE -- CHAPTER 3: HABITUAL DRUG USE -- 1. USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS WITHOUT DEPENDENCE -- 2. THE DRUG ATTRIBUTION BIAS -- CHAPTER 4: SMOKING DEFINEDAS AN ADDICTION -- 1. THE SURGEON GENERAL REVIVES THE TERM 'ADDICTION' -- 2. THE SURGEON GENERAL'S 1988 DEFINITION OF DRUG DEPENDENCE -- 3. PRIMARY CRITERIA -- 4. SECONDARY CRITERIA -- 5. TERTIARY CRITERIA -- 6. THE SURGEON GENERAL'S CONCLUSIONS REGARDING NICOTINE ADDICTION -- 7. EXPLORING THE EMPIRICAL BASIS FOR NICOTINE ADDICTION -- CHAPTER 5: NICOTINE REINFORCEMENT IN ANIMALS: -- 1. OPERANT REINFORCERS -- 2. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY REINFORCERS -- 3. CONFOUNDING FACTORS IN STUDYING THE REINFORCING PROPERTIES OF DRUGS -- 4. SPECIFIC PROBLEMS IN STUDYING NICOTINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN ANIMALS -- 5. CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 6: THE REINFORCING PROPERTIES OF NICOTINE INANIMALS -- 1. ORAL SELF-ADMINISTRATION OF NICOTINE -- 2. INTRAVENOUS SELF-ADMINISTRATION -- 3. DEMONSTRATING REINFORCING PROPERTIES OF DRUGS USING CLASSICAL CONDITIONING -- 4. CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 7: NICOTINE AND INTRACRANIAL SELFSTIMULATION (ICSS) -- 1. THE ORIGINS OF THE ICSS PARADIGM -- 2. THE USE OF ICSS FOR SCREENING PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS -- 3. THE INADEQUACY OF THE ICSS PARADIGM FOR ASSESSING DRUG PROPERTIES -- 4. MORPHINE IN SELF-ADMINISTRATION PARADIGMS COMPARED TO ICSS -- 5. THE SIMILARITY BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON ICSS AND LOCOMOTION -- 6. SUMMING UP: SELF-STIMULATION AND NICOTINE REINFORCEMENT -- 7. ANOTE ON NICOTINE AND DOPAMINE -- CHAPTER 8: REINF
摘要:Nicotine is almost universally believed to be the major factor that motivates smoking and impedes cessation. Authorities such as the Surgeon General of the USA and the Royal College of Physicians in the UK have declared that nicotine is as addictive as heroin and cocaine. This book is a critique of the nicotine addiction hypothesis, based on a critical review of the research literature that purports to prove that nicotine is as addictive drug. The review is based on a re-examination of more than 700 articles and books on this subject, including animal and human experimental studies, effects of `nicotine replacement therapies', and many other relevant sources. This review concludes that on present evidence, there is every reason to reject the generally accepted theory that nicotine has a major role in cigarette smoking. A critical examination of the criteria for drug addiction demonstrates that none of these criteria is met by nicotine, and that it is much more likely that nicotine in fact limits rather than facilitates smoking.
