附註:Includes bibliographical references (pages 243-249) and index.
""CONTENTS""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""; ""CHAPTER 1 Introduction ""; ""Some Central Concepts""; ""Density and concentration""; ""Size and small-firm networks""; ""Organizations or capitalism""; ""Noneconomic organizations""; ""Power""; ""Culture and other shapers of society""; ""Organizations as the independent variable""; ""What Do Organizations Do?""; ""What Kind of Organizations?""; ""Alternative Theories""; ""Conclusion""; ""CHAPTER 2 Preparing the Ground""; ""Communities, Markets, Hierarchies, and Networks""; ""Community""; ""The market direction""; ""Toward hierarchy and networks""
""The Legal Revolution that Launched Organizations""""Fear of corporations""; ""What organizations need to be able to do""; ""Making capitalism corporate""; ""Capitalism to Corporate Capitalism""; ""Lawyers: "The Shock Troops of Capitalism"""; ""CHAPTER 3 Toward Hierarchy: The Mills of Manayunk""; ""Getting the Factory Going: The Role of Labor Control""; ""The first mill-a workhouse""; ""To mechanize or not?""; ""Social Consequences""; ""Labor Policies and Strikes""; ""Organizations and Religion""; ""From Working Classes to a Working Class""; ""The politics of class""; ""Conclusion""
""CHAPTER 4 Toward Hierarchy and Networks"""" Lowell and the Boston Associates ""; ""Wage dependence and labor control""; ""Lowell I: The benign phase""; ""Profits and market control""; ""Lowell II: The exploitive phase""; ""Explaining the First Modern Business""; ""Structural constraints""; ""The Slater Model""; ""Toward Networks with the Philadelphia Model""; ""When capital counts""; ""Philadelphia's large mills""; ""Size and technology""; ""Networks of Firms""; ""Labor conflict""; ""Externalities""; ""The Decline of Textile Firms""; ""Summary""
""CHAPTER 5 Railroads, the Second Big Business""""Railroads in France, Britain, and the United States: The Organizational Logic""; ""France""; ""Britain""; ""The importance of the railroads""; ""Why Were the Railroads Unregulated and Privatized?""; ""The efficiency argument""; ""Historical institutionalism""; ""Historical institutionalism assessed""; ""The neoinstitutionalist account""; ""The organization interest account""; ""The details""; ""Self-interested opposition to the railroads""; ""Corruption Observed but Not Interpreted""; ""Evidence from the public record, and the outcry""
""Scholars explain corruption""""Summary and Conclusions""; ""CHAPTER 6 The Organizational Imprinting""; "" Making the Railroads Work""; ""Divisionalization""; ""Finance takes charge""; ""Inevitable, or a chance path?""; ""Contracting out""; ""Leadership Style and Worker Welfare""; ""Work in general""; ""Nationalization and Centralization: The Final Spike""; ""Organizational versus political interpretations""; ""Where did the money come from?""; ""Regionalization versus Nationalization""; ""The debate over the ethos""; ""A political or an organizational interpretation of the struggle?""
摘要:American society today is shaped not nearly as much by vast open spaces as it is by vast, bureaucratic organizations. Over half the working population toils away at enterprises with 500 or more employees--up from zero percent in 1800. Is this institutional immensity the logical outcome of technological forces in an all-efficient market, as some have argued? In this book, the first organizational history of nineteenth-century America, Yale sociologist Charles Perrow says no. He shows that there was nothing inevitable about the surge in corporate size and power by century's end. Critics railed.
