附註:Includes bibliographical references (pages 289-316) and index.
"No rights which the white man is bound to respect" : bonded labor, white preferences and quotas, and American citizenship debates, 1619-1861 -- "The special favorite of the laws" : Civil War, Reconstruction, and America's first "affirmative action programs," 1861-77 -- Black nadir, white labor : segregation, immigration, and how the Polish became "white" in America, 1877-1933 -- "We want something that is ... affirmative" : black labor confronts the New (white) Deal, 1933-1945 -- "The evil that FHA did ..." : white suburbs, "negro quotas," red scares, and black demands, 1945-55 -- "It was something that was hard to describe" : black movement, white reaction, and affirmative action from the civil rights movement to Reagan-Bush, 1955-93 -- "And the last shall be first" : black reparations, white ambivalence, and historical memory, 1993-2000.
摘要:What is it about affirmative action that makes this public policy one of the most contentious political issues in the United States today?. The answer to this question cannot be found by studying the recent past or current events. To understand the current debate over affirmative action, we must grapple with all of America's racial history, from colonial times, through slavery, Reconstruction, the Jim Crow era, the Civil Rights era, to the present day. Philip Rubio argues that misunderstanding the history of affirmative action is the principal reason that most white people have difficulty in s.
