附註:Includes bibliographical references (pages 195-214) and index.
Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Introduction and Executive Summary -- A Framework for Pension Reform -- Design and Implementation Issues -- Structure of the Report -- PART 1. CONCEPTUAL UNDERPINNINGS -- 1 The Need for Reform -- Fiscal Pressure: Short-Term Urgencies and Long-Term Needs -- Delivering on Promises -- Aligning Systems with Socioeconomic Changes -- Challenges and Opportunities of Globalization -- The Contours of Promising Reform Directions -- 2 Conceptual Foundations of the World Bank's Perspective -- The Social Risk Management Framework -- Rationale for Public Intervention -- The Multipillar Approach: Diversification and Efficiency -- The (Net) Benefits of Funding -- A Benchmark, Not a Blueprint -- 3 Goals and Criteria That Define the World Bank's Perspective -- Primary Goals: Adequate, Affordable, Sustainable, and Robust Pensions -- Secondary Goal: Contribution to Economic Development -- Reform Criteria -- 4 World Bank Lending to Support Pension Reform -- Scope of the World Bank's Pension Lending -- Diversity of Pension Reforms -- PART 2. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES -- 5 General and Country-Specific Options for the Reform of Pension Systems -- General Options for Reform -- Country-Specific Options for Reform: Policy Progression and Path Dependency -- Conclusions -- 6 Key Reform Issues: Firm Positions and Open Questions -- Pillar Design, Poverty Relief, and Redistribution -- Financial Sustainability Issues -- Management of Public Pension Funds -- Administrative and Implementation Issues -- Readiness and Regulatory and Supervisory Financial Market Issues -- Political Economy and Organization of Pension Reforms -- Examples of Reform Dilemmas and Questions -- 7 Regional Experiences: Developments and First Evaluation of Reform -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia -- South Asia -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Middle East and North Africa -- East Asia -- 8 Final Remarks -- Appendix: Ta
