附註:Includes bibliographical references (pages 153-162) and index.
Introduction -- Some areas of widespread agreement -- Distinguishing features of moral judgments -- Rationality and human nature -- Areas of moral disagreement -- Analogy between morality and grammar -- pt. I. The moral system -- Features of the moral system -- The moral rules -- The moral ideals -- General characteristics of moral rules -- To whom do the rules apply? -- Whom do the moral rules protect? -- Interpreting the rules -- 1. "Do not kill" -- 2. "Do not cause pain" -- 3. "Do not disable" -- 4. "Do not deprive of freedom" -- 5. "Do not deprive of pleasure" -- Summary of the first five rules -- 6. "Do not deceive" -- 7. "Keep your promises" -- 8. "Do not cheat" -- 9. "Obey the law" -- 10. "Do your duty" -- Violations of moral rules involve liability to punishment -- Justifying violations of the moral rules -- The two-step procedure for justifying violations of the moral rules -- The first step : using the morally relevant features to describe the act -- 1. Which moral rule is being violated? -- 2. Which evils or harms (including their kind, severity, probability, the length of time they will be suffered, and their distribution) are being (a) caused by the violation, (b) avoided (not caused) by the violation, or (c) prevented by the violation? -- 3. What are the desires and beliefs of the person toward whom the rule is being violated? -- (a) What are the desires of the person toward whom the rule is being violated? -- (b) What are the beliefs of the person toward whom the rule is being violated? -- 4. Is the relationship between the person violating the rule and the persons toward whom the rule is being violated such that the former sometimes has a duty to violate moral rules with regard to the latter independently of their consent? -- 5. Which goods or benefits (including kind, degree, probability, duration, and distribution) are being promoted by the violation? -- 6. Is the rule being violated toward a person in order to prevent her from violating a moral
摘要:Describing the moral system that is commonly used by people when they are making thoughtful moral decisions and judgments, this book then goes on to analyse the concepts of rationality and impartiality, and of morality as a public system that is known by all normal adults.
