附註:Includes bibliographical references.
A Roma Folk-Tale: The Cup of Gold Coins -- Objectives of the Study -- Albanian Roma in a Regional Perspective -- Historical Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Summary of Short-Term and Most Urgent Policy Recommendations -- Objectives and Methodology -- Historical Background: The Diversity of Roma and Egyptians -- The Origins of Roma and Egyptians -- A Brief History of Albania -- The Interwar Period -- World War II -- The Socialist Era -- Transition -- Culture -- Language -- Expressions of Culture and Identity -- Family Ceremonies -- The Roma Fis -- Specific Roles of the Fis Leader -- Changes in the Social Organization of the Roma Fis over Time -- Marriage and Family Planning -- Formal and Informal Family-Planning Education -- Effects of Early Marriage and Childbearing -- Increasing Divorce Rates -- Income and Living Standards -- Household Income -- Household Expenditures -- Living Conditions -- Infrastructure -- Health and Health Care -- Education -- Decreasing Education Levels -- Barriers to Education -- Parents' Suggestions for Improving Education for Roma Children -- The Labor Market -- Traditional Socio-Occupational Identities -- Forms of Formal Labor -- Forms of Informal Labor -- Migration and Remmittances -- Origins of International Migration -- Host Countries and Regions -- Forms of International Migration -- Effects of International Migration -- Prostitution and Trafficking -- Prostitution -- Causes of Prostitution -- The Effects of Prostitution: Remittances and Social and Economic Costs -- Trafficking of Children -- Trafficking of Drugs -- Social Capital -- Cognitive Social Capital: Trust and Solidarity -- Structural Social Capital -- Implications of Social Capital -- Social Exclusion -- Albanian Roma Within a Regional Perspective -- Summary of Findings -- Causes of Social Exclusion Identified by Roma and Egyptians -- Definitions of Relative Poverty -- Factors Contributing to Uncertainty and Vulnerability -- Perceptions of Roma and Egyptians about
摘要:This report provides key insights into the social exclusion processes that affect Roma and Egyptian communities in Albania - two of the most vulnerable minority communities in Albania. It offers advice on the design of concrete actions to facilitate the inclusion of Roma and Egyptian communities into Albanian society, and also includes feedback from the Roma and Egyptian communities on the study findings and recommendations. Roma and Egyptians in Albania includes supporting data collected via participatory methodologies conducted in eleven study sites to investigate the socio-economic, cultural, institutional, and historical situation of Roma and Egyptian communities across Albania. The report's proposed public policies and strategies on minority, poverty, and social exclusion issues have been endorsed by the Roma and Egyptian communities.
