附註:Title from PDF title page.
Includes bibliographical references.
""Classifying Drinking Water Contaminants for Regulatory Consideration""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""RECOMMENDED APPROACH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE CCLS""; ""Two-Step Approach""; ""Sociopolitical Considerations""; ""Universe to PCCL""; ""PCCL to CCL""; ""Contaminant Attributes""; ""Developing and Implementing a Prototype Classification Approach""; ""IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING EMERGING WATERBORNE PATHOGENS""; ""Virulence-Factor Activity Relationships""; ""Framework""; ""Feasibility""; ""VFAR Conclusions and Recommendations""
""1 Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List: Past, Present, and Future""""INTRODUCTION""; ""DEVELOPMENT OF THE 1998 CCL""; ""IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF THE 1998 CCL""; ""Research Plan for 1998 CCL""; ""LIMITATIONS OF THE FIRST CCL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS""; ""RELATED SDWA PROGRAMS""; ""National Drinking Water Contaminant Occurrence Database""; ""Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation""; ""IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING CONTAMINANTS FOR FUTURE CCLS""; ""PERSPECTIVE OF THIS REPORT""; ""2 Sociopolitical Considerations for Developing Future CCLs""; ""INTRODUCTION""
""LIMITATIONS OF THE FIRST CCL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS""""USE OF SOUND SCIENCE IN FUTURE REGULATORY DECISIONS""; ""NATURE OF THE TASK""; ""RISK PERCEPTION""; ""PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE SUBPOPULATIONS""; ""TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION""; ""Transparency""; ""Public Participation""; ""SUMMARY: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""3 The Universe of Potential Contaminants to the Preliminary CCL""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""TWO-STEP APPROACH""; ""THE UNIVERSE OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS""; ""DISTINGUISHING THE PCCL FROM THE UNIVERSE""; ""GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING SCREENING CRITERIA""
""Criteria for Potential and Demonstrated Health Effects""""Criteria for Potential and Demonstrated Occurrence""; ""FATE OF THE PCCL""; ""SUMMARY: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""4 PCCL to CCL: Attributes of Contaminants""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""OVERVIEW OF CONTAMINANT ATTRIBUTES""; ""Severity""; ""Potency""; ""Prevalence""; ""Magnitude""; ""Persistence-Mobility""; ""LESSONS LEARNED IN APPLYING THESE CRITERIA""; ""Monitoring Data""; ""Potency Compared to Monitoring Data""; ""Severity""; ""Severity and Potency""; ""SUMMARY: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS""
""5 PCCL to CCL: Classification Algorithm""""INTRODUCTION""; ""OVERVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES""; ""Expert Judgments""; ""Rule-Based Methods""; ""Prototype Classification Methods""; ""Which Strategy to Use?""; ""ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF A PROTOTYPE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR CCL CONTAMINANTS""; ""The Training Data Set""; ""Attribute Scoring""; ""Prototype Classification Functions""; ""Classification Results Using a Linear Classifier""; ""Classification Results Using a Neural Network Classifier""; ""DEMONSTRATED USE OF THE TRAINED CLASSIFIER""; ""Examination of Misclassified Contaminants""
摘要:This is the third report by the Committee on Drinking Water Contaminants (jointly overseen by the National Research Council's [NRC's] Water Science and Technology Board and Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology). The committee was formed early in 1998 at the request of EPA's Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water to provide advice regarding the setting of priorities among drinking water contaminants in order to identify those contaminants that pose the greatest threats to public health. The committee is comprised of 14 volunteer experts in water treatment engineering, toxicology, public health, epidemiology, water and analytical chemistry, risk assessment, risk communication, public water system operations, and microbiology. For this report, EPA asked the committee--which was partially reconstituted after the second report to include a new chair--to evaluate, expand, and revise as necessary the conceptual approach to the generation of future CCLs and any related conclusions and recommendations documented in the second report. In addition, EPA asked the committee to explore the feasibility of developing and using mechanisms for identifying emerging microbial pathogens (using what the committee now terms virulence-factor activity relationships, or VFARs) for research and regulatory activities--also as recommended in the second report. The contents, conclusions, and recommendations in this report are based on a review of relevant technical literature, information gathered at three committee meetings, and the expertise of committee members. As in its first two reports, the committee continues to emphasize the need for expert judgment throughout all CCL-related processes and for a conservative approach that errs on the side of public health protection.
