附註:Includes bibliographical references.
Abstracts & keywords; Introduction; Constructing the knowledge base for knowledge-driven development; An analysis of co-operative agreements from a knowledge-based perspective; Basque Country; Knowledge clusters of technological innovation systems; Knowledge partnerships for a sustainable, equitable and stable society; Capital systems; Evolving knowledge for development.
摘要:It is a pleasure to introduce this special issueon knowledge-based development. I wouldlike to congratulate the Guest Editor -Professor Francisco Javier Carrillo, Directorfor Knowledge Systems, ITESM, Mexico -for suggesting the topic, commissioning thepapers, and seeing the project through tocompletion. Resources on knowledge-baseddevelopment - creating and sustainingnational and international knowledge and itsaffects on societies and the global economy -are scattered throughout the literature, and inmany cases directed towards the needs ofacademic specialists. This special issue on knowledge-baseddevelopment is an holistic attempt to provideboth academics and practitioners with aglobal view of the subject. The papers in thisissue cover a spectrum of topics - rangingfrom frameworks and systems for knowledgebaseddevelopment to regional knowledgeclusters and networks to global wealthcreation. In the first paper, ''Constructing theknowledge-base for knowledge-drivendevelopment, '' Robin Mansell states thatinformation and communication technologies(ICTs) represent a major opportunity forworld development. However, she contendsthat the ''digital divide'' between countriesand regions is increasing. In this paper theauthor suggests several ways in which ICTexperiences could be shared and moreresources mobilized to support local ICTprojects and locally-defined goals. The authorbelieves that effort is also needed to focus onthe purpose and goals of long-termknowledge-driven development - rather thanon the short-term interests of individualstakeholder organizations. In their paper, Alejandro EscribaÂþ-Esteveand JoseÂþ Anastasio Urra-Urbieta explorecooperative agreements from a knowledgebasedperspective. The last decade has beenwitness to an unprecedented growth in thenumber of alliances between companies. Theauthors have developed a conceptualframework which. , From a knowledge-basedand learning perspective, integrates anextensive series of contributions andconcepts involving cooperation processesbetween companies. Their conceptualframework establishes a bridge betweenformulation and implementation in allianceprocesses, and includes alliance micro-levelprocesses. The authors' proposal alsoconsiders the different ontological levelswhere knowledge is created, and the linksexisting between them. Clusters have basically been conceptualizedas a concentration of firms that prosper on thebasis of their interaction. This concept, notesAngel Luis ArboniÂþes and MoÂþnica Moso, hasbeen widely used for describing differentrealities, from industrial districts to moresophisticated cooperation networks. Themost popular clusters are those which focuson the attraction and development ofknowledge-based organizations and firmswith an intensive dedication to R & D, skilledlabor, etc. The Silicon Valley is the paradigmin this category. However, according to the authors, theclassic cluster concept is now developing intoa more cultural entity. The so-calledKnowledge Society and the development ofinformation and telecommunicationstechnologies have provided a new, levelplaying field. Countries and regions can nowmeaningfully reduce the gap with otherleading regions, provided they create astructure to acquire and disseminateknowledge. This emerging concept also offersmore possibilities for use by all the typesof regions in different circumstances, including developing countries. The basictool for beginning this learning processwill be the creation of a cooperation structure, such as a cluster, which includesall of the major innovation players andsystems within a country or region. Theauthors call this a knowledge cluster, andexamine one such knowledge cluster in theBasque Country. One of the main producers of wealth andprosperity in. , Industrialized countries is theexistence of sustainable systems, capable ofconverting technological innovation assetsinto substantial levels of industrialproductivity, wealth and globalcompetitiveness. However, less developedregions have gained very little from thesecases. In his paper ''Knowledge clusters oftechnological innovation systems, ''Carlos Scheel proposes a framework(5Ls Model) which will empower theindustrial sectors of developing countries. The 5Ls model involves Leverages whichLink and aLign these industrial clusters toexternal drivers (academia, banking, complementary industries andgovernment), benchmarking the cluster'sperformance against best practices andLearning from the gaps; and Leading andintegrating these clusters into world-classvalue systems. To achieve this level ofperformance, a knowledge systemarchitecture is proposed. It includes the5Ls model supported by an effectivestructure of technological innovationsystems (TIS). Thomas Malone and Gary Yohe believethat continued exponential and asymmetricalgrowth in both population and individualeconomic productivity will propel worldsociety along a path that is environmentallyunsustainable, economically inequitable, andhence socially unstable. The authors state thatthe terrorist activity of September 2001provides vivid evidence of that instability. However, Malone and Yohe contend thatrevolutionary developments incommunications technologies can enablepartnerships among scholarly disciplines andamong societal institutions to harness rapidlyexpanding human knowledge (broadlyconstrued) to pursue goals in both populationand individual economic productivity thatcould lead to a sustainable, equitable, andstable world society. Such a knowledge-based strategy couldenable us to pursue the vision of a globalsociety in which all of the basic human needsand an equitable share of human wants can. , Bemet by successive generations whilemaintaining a healthy, physically attractiveand biologically productive environment. Intheir paper ''Knowledge partnerships for asustainable, equitable and stable society, '' theauthors present several scenarios to illustratethe promise of cooperative efforts in pursuit ofthis vision, and highlight some obstacles to itsachievement. In his paper ''Capital systems: implicationsfor a global knowledge agenda, '' Guest EditorFrancisco J. Carrillo explores ways in whichknowledge management (KM) can enrichand be enriched by practices associated withsocial-level knowledge-based development(KBD), thus bridging both fields. It begins byestablishing continuity between personal, organizational and social level KM. SociallevelKBD is referred to as economic growththeory in search of a complete, consistent, systematic and inclusive framework for globaldevelopment. Capital systems, a KMframework, aims at satisfying the criteria atthe organizational level. The capital systems approach, originallydeveloped as a solution to somemethodological concerns in intellectualcapital valuation, is described as theoperationalization of a generic valuestructure. Such a structure is subjected to theanalysis of the production or value-enhancingdynamics underlying major economic erasthroughout human history. Structuralconstraints in current financing fordevelopment practices are identified. Untapped knowledge capital dimensions arethen introduced to explore new knowledgebaseddevelopment strategies. Finally, examples of current KBD policies areexamined and alternative strategies tosystematically identify and develop individual, organizational and capital systems aresuggested. In today's changing world, knowledge andthe processes to generate and manage it havebecome key factors in creating competitivebusiness advantage. However, the challengesfacing. , Contemporary global societies, fromhuman conflicts to environmentaldegradation, call for an expanded researchagenda in the field of knowledgemanagement. According to Kathia CastroLaszlo and Alexander Laszlo in ''Evolvingknowledge for development, '' issues such asimprovement of the role of corporate citizenship to promote socially andecologically responsible operations anddevelopment of human and social capitalshould become part of a purposeful strategyfor creating a better future. ''Knowledge is power'' is the conventionalwisdom. Therefore, it is up to those withaccess to knowledge to decide if that powerwill continue to be used over others toincrease the gap between rich and poor or ifit will be a power to empower visions andrealities based on an inclusive planetaryethic. From an evolutionary systemsperspective, the authors' paper exploressome of the implications and keycontributions that knowledge managementcan make to the transition towardssustainable forms of social organization. Theheuristic of the evolutionary learningcommunity (ELC) is presented as aparticipatory strategy for promoting learningand knowledge creation for evolutionarydevelopment. Rory L. Chase Previously published in: Journal of Knowledge Management, Volume 6, Number 4, 2002.
