附註:Includes bibliographical references.
""Estimated Mean per Capita Energy Requirements for Planning Emergency Food Aid Rations""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE""; ""ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""; ""Contents""; ""1 Background""; ""PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE""; ""MOTIVATION FOR THE SCOPE CHOSEN""; ""2 Estimating Energy Requirements of Refugee and Other Populations Requiring Food Aid""; ""HISTORICAL VIEW OF ENERGY RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""ESTIMATING ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF INDIVIDUALS""; ""Determinants of Energy Requirements""; ""Basal Metabolic Rate""; ""Physical Activity""
""Estimating Activity Levels of Refugees and Displaced Persons""""Energy Requirements for Growth, Pregnancy, and Lactation""; ""ESTIMATING ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF POPULATIONS""; ""Theoretical Approach: Calculating the Estimated Mean per Capita Energy Requirement""; ""Calculation of the Committee's EMPCER for Use in Emergency Situations""; ""Impact of Changing Underlying Assumptions for Adjustment of the EMPCER""; ""Demographic Distribution""; ""Body Size""; ""Physical Activity Level""; ""Adjustment for Breastfeeding""; ""Adjustment for Recovery from Malnutrition and for Cold Environments""
""3 Summary and Recommendations""""References""; ""Appendix USAID's Request to the Committee""; ""MEMORANDUM FROM SAMUEL G. KAHN DATED 7 SEPTEMBER 1994""; ""MEMORANDUM FROM TOM MARCHIONE DATED 7 SEPTEMBER 1994""; ""Background""; ""Issue""; ""Request for Professional Determination""
摘要:The Committee on International Nutrition was asked by the U.S. Agency for International Development to recommend an estimated mean per capita energy requirement (termed EMPCER by the CIN) for populations of refugees and displaced persons that could be used to expedite food relief in situations in which nothing is known except the approximate number of people to be fed. The stated intention of USAID is to be use this value to calculate the amount of food required to meet all of the energy needs of such populations. In this report, the committee shows how the EMPCER can be calculated and presents a reasonable single estimate for a wide range of equally justifiable EMPCERs. Chapter 1 describes the project scope and its rationale. Chapter 2 provides a historical view of energy recommendations for refugee populations and describes the methods of estimating energy requirements of individuals and of populations of refugees and displaced persons. The committee describes the calculation of an estimated mean per capita energy requirement for use in planning the food energy needs of populations of refugees and displaced persons, and the assumptions underlying the estimate. The effects of varying the population distribution and of assuming different body sizes, physical activity levels, and proportions of breastfed infants are presented. The impact on the estimate of considering the energy requirements for catch-up growth and for cold environmental conditions is also reviewed. Chapter 3 provides a brief summary of the report and presents the committee's recommendations.
