附註:Includes bibliographical references.
""Contents""; ""Preface""; ""Foreword""; ""Acknowledgements""; ""Contents of Part 1""; ""1. Why a new Guide to LCA?""; ""2. Main characteristics of LCA""; ""2.1 What is LCA?""; ""2.2 Role of LCA in relation to products""; ""2.3 Role of LCA in wider applications""; ""2.4 Limitations of LCA""; ""2.5 LCA as part of a tool box""; ""2.6 Management of LCA projects: procedures""; ""3. International developments""; ""3.1 SETAC""; ""3.2 ISO""; ""3.3 UNEP""; ""4. Guiding principles for the present Guide""; ""5. Reading guide""; ""Contents of Part 2a""; ""Reading guidance""
""1. Management of LCA projects: procedures""""1.1 Designing an LCA project""; ""1.2 Context of an LCA project""; ""1.3 Process management in LCA""; ""1.4 Organisation and assignment""; ""1.5 Reporting an LCA project""; ""1.6 Example (case history)""; ""2. Goal and scope definition""; ""2.1 Topic""; ""2.2 Starting points""; ""2.3 Recipe""; ""2.4 Results of Goal and scope definition""; ""3. Inventory analysis""; ""3.1 Topic""; ""3.2 Starting points""; ""3.3 Recipe""; ""3.4 Results of Inventory analysis""; ""4. Impact assessment""; ""4.1 Topic""; ""4.2 Starting points""; ""4.3 Recipe""
""4.4 Results of Impact assessment""""5. Interpretation""; ""5.1 Topic""; ""5.2 Starting points""; ""5.3 Recipe""; ""5.4 Results of Interpretation""; ""Appendix A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations""; ""Contents of Part 2b""; ""List of tables""; ""Reading guidance""; ""1. Management of LCA projects: procedures""; ""2. Goal and scope definition""; ""2.1 Procedures""; ""2.2 Goal definition""; ""2.3 Scope definition""; ""2.4 Function, functional unit, alternatives and reference flows""; ""3. Inventory analysis""; ""3.1 Procedures""; ""3.2 Economy-environment system boundary""
""3.3 Flow diagram""""3.4 Format and data categories""; ""3.5 Data quality""; ""3.6 Data collection and relating data to unit processes""; ""3.7 Data validation""; ""3.8 Cut-off and data estimation""; ""3.9 Multifunctionality and allocation""; ""3.10 Calculation method""; ""4. Impact assessment""; ""4.1 Procedures""; ""4.2 Selection of impact categories""; ""4.3 Selection of characterisation methods: category indicators, characterisation models andfactors""; ""4.4 Classification""; ""4.5 Characterisation""; ""4.6 Normalisation""; ""4.7 Grouping""; ""4.8 Weighting""; ""5. Interpretation""
""5.1 Procedures""""5.2 Consistency check""; ""5.3 Completeness check""; ""5.4 Contribution analysis""; ""5.5 Perturbation analysis""; ""5.6 Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis""; ""5.7 Conclusions and recommendations""; ""6. References""; ""Contents of Part 3""; ""Reading guidance""; ""1. General Introduction""; ""1.1 General theoretical foundations of LCA""; ""1.2 Modeling aspects of LCA""; ""1.3 Management of LCA projects: procedures""; ""1.4 Stepwise structure for Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment""; ""2. Goal and scope definition""; ""2.2 Goal definition""
摘要:The general aim of this Handbook on LCA is to provide a stepwise `cookbook' with operational guidelines for conducting an LCA study step-by-step, justified by a scientific background document, based on the ISO Standards for LCA. The different ISO elements and requirements are made operational to the `best available practice' for each step. This book will appeal to persons from a wide range of scientific disciplines working in industry, in government, as consultants, or at university, who are interested in learning more about LCA and in performing LCA studies. It will be of especial interest to students and researchers in the field of LCA, industrial ecology, and those interested in environmental sciences in general. CML is strongly involved in the development of a standard methodology to determine environmental impacts of products, i.e., LCA. This is done within international fora such as the Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP).
