Introduction to applied ethics[electronic resource]

• 作者: Holmes, Robert L.
• 出版: London, England : Bloomsbury 2018.
• 稽核項: 1 online resource (xviii, 527 p.).
• 標題: Electronic books. , Applied ethics , Applied ethics Textbooks.
• ISBN: 1350029793 , 9781350029798
• 試查全文@TNUA:
  
• 附註: Includes bibliographical references and index. Machine generated contents note: pt. I Race, Gender, and Ethnicity -- 1.Racism -- Introduction -- 1.1.Three basic questions about racism -- 1.2.What is racism? -- 1.3.What is a racist? -- 1.4.A racist philosophy -- 1.5.The racist's burden of proof -- 1.6.Is there such a thing as "race"? -- 1.7.Are some "races" superior to others? -- 1.8.Ought supposedly superior "races" to dominate supposedly inferior "races"? -- 1.9."Race," rights, and utility -- 1.10.Racism and universalizability -- 1.11.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 2.Sexism -- Introduction -- 2.1.Three basic questions about sexism -- 2.2.What is sexism? -- 2.3.What is a sexist? -- 2.4.The sexist's burden of proof -- 2.5.Is one sex innately superior to the other? -- 2.6.Ought one sex to dominate the other? -- 2.7.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 3.Hispanic/Latino Immigration and Rights -- Introduction -- 3.1.Hispanics in America -- 3.2.Are Hispanics a race or an ethnic group? -- 3.3.Naming Note continued: 3.4.What words to use and who should decide? -- 3.5.Can "Hispanic" be defined? -- 3.6.Immigration and anti-Hispanic bias -- 3.7.Anti-Hispanic discrimination -- 3.8.Hispanics and the problem of language -- 3.9.Hispanics, school segregation, and distributive justice -- 3.10.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 4.Affirmative Action, Diversity, and Reparations -- Introduction -- 4.1.What is affirmative action? -- 4.2.The evolution of affirmative action -- 4.3.Diversity to the forefront -- 4.4.The Supreme Court and the University of Michigan -- 4.5.Defining affirmative action -- 4.6.The moral problem -- 4.7.Reparations? -- 4.8.Affirmative action distinguished from reparations -- 4.9.Justice for groups or for individuals? -- 4.10.Is affirmative action unfair? -- 4.11.Diversity or compensation for past injustices? -- 4.12.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 5.Sexual Harassment -- Introduction -- 5.1.What is sexual harassment? Note continued: 5.2.The potential for misunderstanding -- 5.3.Kinds of sexual harassment -- 5.4.Sexual harassment and sex discrimination -- 5.5.Sexual harassment and sexism -- 5.6.Sexual harassment, sexual misbehavior, and gender harassment -- 5.7.Sexual harassment and privacy -- 5.8.Sexual harassment and the university -- 5.9.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- pt. II Profit and the Plight of Others -- 6.Corporate Responsibility -- Introduction -- 6.1.The problem -- 6.2.What are corporations? -- 6.3.Liberal and conservative positions on corporate social responsibility -- 6.4.What is the basic obligation of corporations? -- 6.5.Possible objections to corporate social responsibility -- 6.6.Which social responsibilities? -- 6.7.Non-maleficence -- 6.8.Corporations and distributive justice -- 6.9.Corporations and the making of moral judgments -- 6.10.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 7.Poverty and World Hunger -- Introduction --7.1.What is poverty? Note continued: 7.2.Is poverty necessarily bad? -- 7.3.How serious a problem is poverty? -- 7.4.Are we individually obligated to fight world poverty? -- 7.5.Are we collectively obligated to fight world poverty? -- 7.6.Are efforts tofight poverty futile under present socioeconomic conditions? -- 7.7.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 8.Capitalism, Socialism, and Economic Justice -- Introduction -- 8.1.What are capitalism and socialism? -- 8.2.Freedom, liberty, and rights -- 8.3.Human rights -- 8.4.Anarchism, libertarianism, conservatism, and liberalism -- 8.5.Liberty and equality -- 8.6.Marxism -- 8.7.Historical materialism -- 8.8.Surplus value -- 8.9.A capitalist conception of distributive justice -- 8.10."Contradictions" within capitalism? -- 8.11.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- pt. III Animals and the Environment -- 9.Environmental Ethics -- Introduction -- 9.1.Why care about the environment? -- 9.2.Basic and derivativemoral consideration Note continued: 9.3.Who or what warrants basic moral consideration? -- 9.4.Anthropocentrism -- 9.5.Sentientism -- 9.6.Biocentrism -- 9.7.Does nature as a whole warrant basic moral consideration? -- 9.8.An argument for giving nature basic moral consideration -- 9.9.An anthropocentric challenge -- 9.10.Intended and foreseeable consequences of environmental impacts -- 9.11.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 10.Moral Consideration for Animals -- Introduction -- 10.1.Basic and derivative moral consideration -- 10.2.Speciesism -- 10.3.Animals and discrimination -- 10.4.Hunting -- 10.5.Eating animals -- 10.6.Experimenting on animals -- 10.7.Ought we to dominate animals? -- 10.8.Are humans innately superior to animals? -- 10.9.What extrinsic value does human intelligence have? -- 10.10.Do animals have rights? -- 10.11.Vegetarianism -- 10.12.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- pt. IV Autonomy and the Individual -- 11.Privacy -- Introduction Note continued: 11.1.Why is privacy important? -- 11.2.The philosophical and legal foundations of privacy -- 11.3.A definition of privacy -- 11.4.Personal autonomy -- 11.5.The paradox of privacy -- 11.6.Setting boundaries -- 11.7.The prima facie right to privacy -- 11.8.Violations of privacy for political, social, or personal ends -- 11.9.Privacy and conflicting values -- 11.10.Privacy and technology -- 11.11.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 12.Abortion -- Introduction -- 12.1.Is there neutral language with which to discuss the abortion issue? -- 12.2.What is it that is aborted? -- 12.3.A medical perspective -- 12.4.Whose interests warrant moral consideration in the abortion issue? -- 12.5.Roe V. Wade (1973) -- 12.6.A woman's "right to choose" -- 12.7.Do men have rights in the abortion issue? -- 12.8.Do the unborn have rights? -- 12.9.Human beings and persons -- 12.10.Abortion and the killing of the innocent -- 12.11.What precisely is abortion? Note continued: 12.12.Hare's golden rule argument -- 12.13.Toward a new perspective on abortion -- 12.14.The basic problem of unwanted pregnancy -- 12.15.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 13.Medical Aid in Dying, Physician-Assisted Suicide, and Euthanasia -- Introduction -- 13.1.Suicide -- 13.2.Self-administering lethal medication versus committing suicide -- 13.3.Is there a right to die? -- 13.4.Active and passive euthanasia -- 13.5.The Quinlan, Cruzan, and Schiavo cases -- 13.6.Consciousness, coma, and persistent vegetative states -- 13.7.Killing and letting die -- 13.8.Is there a moral difference between killing and letting die? -- 13.9.Is there a slippery slope from suicide to assisted suicide to euthanasia? -- 13.10.The case for a logically slippery slope -- 13.11.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- pt. V The Nonconsensual Taking of Human Life -- 14.The Death Penalty -- Introduction -- 14.1.The death penalty in America -- 14.2.What is punishment? Note continued: 14.3.Deterrence and retribution -- 14.4.What is retributivism? -- 14.5.Objections to the retributivist justification of the death penalty -- 14.6.The consequentialist justification of the death penalty as a deterrent-- 14.7.The role of fear in deterrence -- 14.8.Conclusion -- Study questions -- Notes -- 15.Terrorism and War -- Introduction -- 15.1.The problem -- 15.2.What is terrorism? -- 15.3.Rationalizations of terrorism -- 15.4.Who are terrorists? -- 15.5.How some terrorists view themselves -- 15.6.Terrorism and the killing of innocents -- 15.7.What is war? -- 15.8.Can war be morally justified? -- 15.9.The just war theory -- 15.10.War and the killing of innocents -- 15.11.War and thekilling of soldiers -- 15.12.Are soldiers morally expendable? -- 15.13.Is there an absolute right to kill in self-defense? -- 15.14.The paradox of the moral expendability of soldiers -- 15.15.Pacifism -- 15.16.Conclusion: a common ground between warists and pacifists Note continued: Study questions -- Notes.
• 摘要: "How do you decide what is ethically wrong and right? Few people make moral judgments by taking the theory first. Specifically written with the interests, needs, and experience of students in mind, this textbook approaches thinking ethically as you do in real life ? by first encountering practical moral problems and then introducing theory to understand and integrate the issues. Built around engaging case studies from news media, court hearings, famous speeches and philosophical writings, each of the 15 chapters: - explains and defines the moral problem dealt with - provides excerpts of readings on all sides of the issue - analyses the problem, using the relevant theory The examples are recognizable ethical problems, including judgments about racism and sexism, controversial debates such as assisted suicide and the death penalty, and contemporary concerns like privacy and technology, corporate responsibility, and the environment. The mission of the book is to assist you to engage in informed, independent, critical thinking and to enable you to enter into ethical discussions in the classroom and beyond. Supported by learning features, including study questions, key quotes, handy definitions and a companion website, this book is essential for any student of moral philosophy."--
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